First, Mark 10 deals with a man putting away his wife. Yeshua starts with why it was allowed under the Old Covenant. It was because of the hardness of hearts.

(Mark 10:5 [KJV])
And Jesus answered and said unto them, For the hardness of your heart he wrote you this precept.

Now, under the New Covenant, there can be no more putting away of each other (divorcing is over/putting away is over). If a man or woman puts away the other, it leaves the person who does it in the sin of adultery (if they go with someone else). 

(Mark 10:11-12 [KJV])
And he saith unto them, Whosoever shall put away his wife, and marry another, committeth adultery against her. 12 And if a woman shall put away her husband, and be married to another, she committeth adultery.

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To confirm that getting a divorce is no longer allowed, we look at the two allowed states while married – seperated or being reconciled are the only states allowed in a marriage if the two are not getting along. Paul writes by the Lord’s command.

(1Cor 7:10-11 [KJV])
And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord, Let not the wife depart from her husband: 11 But and if she depart, let her remain unmarried, or be reconciled to her husband: and let not the husband put away his wife.

Now, you can see the hardness of the heart has no place in the New Covenant. No divorcing or putting away by the husband or wife is allowed.

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WE LOOK AT, “SAVING FOR THE CAUSE OF FORNICATION.”

To get this, you would need to know the Bible’s definition of adultery and fornication. These definitions were changed over 100 years ago – Go here to understand the Bible’s definition (long version).

Short version.
Adultery – A WOMAN Becoming one flesh with a covenant/ an agreement. Then she goes and becomes one flesh with a different man – this is the sin of adultery. This does not apply to a man. It only applies to a man if he becomes one flesh with a married woman. David only sinned when he became one flesh with Bathsheba (a married woman). 
Fornication – Becoming one flesh without a covenant (no commitment). A harlot or whore. This is done by a man or woman.  

You would note, putting away the wife is allowed if it is for fornication. Why is it fornication and not adultery if the woman is already married to the man? You would also note that Yeshua mentioned what was allowed under the Old Covenant (verse 31); then he shows us what is now done (But I say) under the New Covenant. 

(Matt 5:31-32 [KJV])
It hath been said, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement: 32 But I say unto you, That whosoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery: and whosoever shall marry her that is divorced committeth adultery.

Again, why is it fornication and not adultery if the woman is already married to the man?

Answer: The marriage was not consummated as yet. The couple are only committed in words, but they have not become one flesh as yet. So, if a woman is caught out with another man, the groom has every right to put away the woman. Not for adultery but for fornication.

EXAMPLE
Joseph was married/committed to Mary and the Word called them husband and wife before their consummation. Again, Mary was called wife before the couple consummated (Yeshua was born to a virgin). Special note: Joseph could have put her away in public, but as a just man, he elected to put her away privately. We know the rest of the story. 

(Matt 1:19-20 [KJV])
Then Joseph her husband, being a just man, and not willing to make her a publick example, was minded to put her away privily. 20 But while he thought on these things, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost.

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HOW IS THE SIN APPLIED, AND HOW IS IT JUDGED?

Under the New Covenant
Stealing – thou shall not steal
The instigator of the sin: the man doing the stealing of the items.

The victim of the sin: the person the items belong to.

Judgment: The person doing the stealing is judged and pays the penalty. The sin goes against the thief.

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Adultery (man) – thou shall not commit adultery. 
Whosoever shall put away his wife, and marry another, committeth adultery against her.

The instigator of the sin: the man who did the putting away of his wife.

The victim of the sin: the wife who was put away. 

Judgment: The man who did the putting away and then married another. The sin is against him. If the new woman knows the man had put away his wife, she too is guilty of adultery.

Note: Adultery is covenant betrayal, and the betrayal is against the wife whose covenant was violated.

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Adultery (woman) – thou shall not commit adultery. 
If a woman shall put away her husband, and be married to another, she committeth adultery.

The instigator of sin: the woman who put away her husband.

The victim of the sin: the husband who was put away. The man was still married under the New Covenant.

Judgment: The woman is guilty of sin. If the man knows the woman is married, he too is guilty of this sin. 

Conclusion:
Under the New Covenant, divorce is no longer an option (1Cor 7:10-11). No hardhearted people can be part of the kingdom. Marriage must be based fully on love/obedience – Go Here. 

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Question 1:
HOW can a man commit adultery “AGAINST” a woman he is no longer married to (from the man’s standards), and not against her if he marries another when still married to her? It is clear that Jesus (Yeshua) is saying that they are still married in his eyes.

A1.
Correct, they are still married in our King’s eyes because divorce is no longer allowed under the New Covenant. From man’s standards, it does not work. Why? God sets the standard that we should live by. Under the New Covenant, the woman is still married no matter how many divorce papers she has in her hands.

Question 2:
So the 2nd marriage is an act AGAINST the first wife. Again I ask if the 2nd marriage is ADULTERY against the 1st are the 3rd and 4th etc. Also adultery against her if he divorces her?

A2.
The second marriage is against the first wife BECAUSE the first wife was put away (her covenant was violated). UNDERSTAND THIS: The woman that the man divorced had broken the covenant (put away) with her. If the man did not break the covenant he had with each other wife (3rd, 4th, etc.), it would only apply to the wife who was put away (divorced).  

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SUMMARY

Adultery is a betrayal of a covenant/agreement. This can be studied between men and women. Also, it can be studied between God and Judah/Israel. The principles are the same.

How is the covenant betrayed?
1. A married woman going with another man. This is unlawful/unrighteous. This is out of order.

How is it not betrayed?
1. A married man with an unmarried woman. A married or unmarried man can go with an unmarried woman. This is lawful/righteous. This is in order. As long as the woman is free (unmarried or has a dead husband). The bond/covenant is broken at death. Note: At the death of our King Yeshua, the Old Covenant was broken. At our King’s resurrection, the NEW Covenant was instituted. IT IS ALL LEGAL.

As we said before, you need to drop modern-day definitions of adultery and fornication and hold to the Bible definitions. Also, drop the 1563 law given to the world by pope pius.

The case with new women being purchased by the man for his house. Under the New Covenant. If the man puts away a wife and gets another woman, it is sin AGAINST the wife he put away.

If the man had several wives ALREADY and he puts away one, it’s a sin because of the one he put away (and remarries). The sin is against the one he put away. It is not sin with the other wives who are still in their covenant.

Be blessed in understanding.

RELATED TOPICS:

Becoming one flesh (sex) is marriage. 

Can wearing a condom stop a couple from becoming one flesh?

Will the true adultery and fornication please stand up.

Marriage by God’s way vs. Man’s way – No. 1 

Why the baby may not look like you (Becoming One Flesh)

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You either walk in the Law of Rome (disobedience) or you walk in the law of God (obedience)